COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIPOLE, YAGI–UDA, AND HELICAL ANTENNAS IN FM TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR IMPROVED SIGNAL STRENGTH, COVERAGE EFFICIENCY, AND BROADCAST RELIABILITY

Abstract

The study here compares and evaluates the performance of different antennas such as the dipole, Yagi-Uda, and helical antennas in the context of FM broadcasting. The main goal here is to compare how these antennas perform in terms of signal strength and efficiency. The study carried out experiments in a controlled environment and tested the antennas in an outdoor environment by scanning the FM band from 88 to 108 MHz. The experiments were conducted in a similar environment to compare the performance of these antennas. The parameters taken for the study were gain in dBi, SNR, RSSI, bandwidth efficiency, and radiation pattern stability. The results obtained from the experiments show that the dipole antenna performed at an average gain of 2.1 dBi and an RSSI of -64 dBm at a distance of 1 km. The study also found that the SNR for the dipole was 18.4 dB. The results obtained from the experiments show that the dipole antenna performed well at a distance of 3 km. The performance of the dipole antenna was average. The study also found that the Yagi-Uda antenna performed very well in terms of directional efficiency. The results obtained from the experiments show that the Yagi-Uda antenna performed at an average gain of 9.6 dBi and an RSSI of -47 dBm at a distance of 1 km. The study also found that the SNR for the Yagi-Uda antenna was 27.8 dB. The results obtained from the experiments show that the Yagi-Uda antenna performed very well at a distance of 8.5 km. The study also found that the helical antenna performed at an average gain of 6.2 dBi and an RSSI of -55 dBm at a distance of 1 km. The study also found that the SNR for the helical antenna was 23.1 dB. The results obtained from the experiments show that the helical antenna performed very well at a distance of 6.2 km. The study found that the helical antenna performed better in an environment with buildings and foliage. The study concluded that the choice of the antenna depends upon the requirements. The study concluded that the Yagi-Uda antenna should be used for long-distance and high-gain requirements. The study concluded that the helical antennas should be used for difficult propagation environments. The study concluded that the dipole antennas should be used for economical requirements.